How to Read Structural Drawings
A beginner's guide to understanding structural engineering plans
Structural drawings show the bones of the building: the columns, beams, slabs, and foundations that hold everything up. Understanding them is essential for coordination, safety, and avoiding costly mistakes. This guide covers the basics.
Step 1: Understand the Sheet Organization
Structural sheets typically follow this order:
Step 2: Read the General Notes First
The first structural sheet contains critical project-wide information:
Step 3: Understand the Grid System
The column grid is the reference system for the entire building:
Letters (A, B, C...): Typically run in one direction (often east-west)
Numbers (1, 2, 3...): Run perpendicular (often north-south)
Grid Intersections: Columns are located at grid intersections (e.g., "Column at B-3")
Intermediate Grids: Use decimals or letters (A.5 or AA) for grids between main lines
Step 4: Read Framing Plans
Framing plans show the structural members at each level:
Step 5: Decode Member Designations
Structural member callouts contain specific information:
W = Wide flange shape
16 = Nominal depth in inches
40 = Weight in pounds per linear foot
HSS = Hollow Structural Section
6x6 = Width x height in inches
1/4 = Wall thickness in inches
12 = Width in inches
24 = Depth in inches
Reinforcing shown separately in sections/schedules
Step 6: Find Elevation Information
Structural elevations are critical for coordination:
Step 7: Use the Schedules
Schedules provide detailed information referenced from plans:
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